On November 15, 1889, Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca, a military figure and politician, declared the Republic of Brazil through a coup d’état. As the first president in the country’s history, his tenure was marked by considerable political and economic instability.
On November 10, 1937, Getúlio Vargas declared, in a nationwide radio address, that Brazil was under a new regime of government, the Estado Novo (New State). Characterized by the centralization of power, nationalism, anti-communism, and authoritarianism, the Estado Novo lasted until 1945 when Getúlio was overthrown by the Armed Forces.
On August 19, 1969, the establishment of Embraer (Brazilian Aeronautics Company) took place. The organization emerged as part of a Brazilian government initiative within a pivotal plan to establish the national aeronautics industry. Initially, it was structured as a mixed-economy entity under the Ministry of Aeronautics.
The Real is the currency of Brazil and is represented by the symbol “R$” and the international code “BRL.” The currency is divided into cents, and both notes and coins come in various denominations. The most common notes include R$ 2, R$ 5, R$ 10, R$ 20, R$ 50, R$ 100, and R$ 200. Additionally, there are R$ 1 coins and cent coins of R$ 0.05, R$ 0.10, R$ 0.25, and R$ 0.50.
In the midst of the tumultuous 1940s, Brazil unexpectedly became the stage for an obscure yet impactful narrative – the rise and fall of the Shindo Renmei organization. Against the backdrop of World War II, this Japanese nationalist group etched an intriguing tale into Brazil’s cultural fabric, unearthing the intricate interplay of wartime loyalties and the challenges of assimilation for immigrant communities.
The last cabinet of the Brazilian Empire appointed Floriano Peixoto (1839-1895), a distinguished soldier and veteran of the Paraguayan War, to the position of army adjutant-general. He was originally from Alagoas and had a strong association with the Liberal Party. Like Deodoro, he had participated extensively in the campaign against Lopez. He returned as a lieutenant colonel.
Eduardo Paulo da Silva Prado (São Paulo, 1860 – São Paulo, 1901), better known as Eduardo Prado, was one of the most notable Brazilian writers and political analysts. He was a founding member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, a contributor to the work “Le Brésil” – published in 1889 on the occasion of the International Exhibition of Paris – and a friend of Barão do Rio Branco and the Portuguese writer Eça de Queirós.
Alberto Nepomuceno (1864-1920), a Brazilian conductor and composer, was born in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará. His parents were Vitor Augusto Nepomuceno and Maria Virgínia de Oliveira Paiva. He began studying music with his father, who was a violinist, organist, teacher, and chapel master at the Cathedral of Fortaleza. In 1872, Nepomuceno and his family moved to Recife, where he started studying piano and violin. He became a staunch advocate for republican and abolitionist causes in Brazil.
The book “Why I Still Remain a Monarchist” by Joaquim Nabuco is a work that explores the personal and historical reasons of the author for maintaining his monarchical position in a republican context. Published in 1913, the book, which was originally released as a letter to the Diário do Comércio, presents arguments based on tradition, political stability, and the characteristics of the monarchical system that Brazil experienced before the military coup of 1889.
